2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖计量统计及其科研合作网络分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵晓龙  李保石  王泉斌 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):19-27

文章基于2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖，运用计量统计、社会网络分析等研究方法，探究海洋科学技术奖获奖成果计量特征、学科分布、获奖机构及其科研合作关系等，直观揭示海洋科学技术奖所构成的科研合作范式、科研合作网络结构等，以期为海洋科研管理、科技创新和学科建设等提供科学参考。研究表明：整体上，海洋科学技术奖获奖成果呈逐年递增趋势，一等奖与二等奖的获奖等级比值呈下降趋势；学科划分上，获奖成果主要隶属于“海洋科学”学科，又以海洋生物学、海洋装备与设备、海洋化学和物理海洋学为主体；获奖机构方面，海洋科学技术奖已奖励包括中国海洋大学和中国科学院海洋研究所等涉海类高校和科研院所在内的各类海洋科技创新主体285家，分布在山东、浙江、广东、上海、北京、江苏等19个省（市、自治区）；科研合作方面，海洋科学技术奖获奖核心机构所构建的科研合作关系紧密，以自然资源部第二海洋研究所的中心度最高，中国海洋大学的中间中心度最高，其控制该科研合作网络中其他机构之间沟通交流的力度最大。  相似文献   

2016与1998年春季北大西洋海表温度异常的差异及成因     

薛文璟  余锦华  陈林 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(3):19-30

利用再分析资料以及混合层海温诊断方程, 研究1997—1998与2015—2016年超级厄尔尼诺次年北大西洋海表温度异常(sea surface temperature anomalies, SSTA)的差异及成因。结果显示, 北大西洋SSTA在1998年春季呈明显正负正三极型式分布, 而在2016年呈弱的负正负型态。诊断热带北大西洋SSTA的影响因素表明, 1998年春季暖SSTA除了之前研究强调的海洋表面向大气的潜热输送异常减少, 以及吸收太阳辐射的增加外, 海洋动力过程即Ekman纬向漂流也起着重要的作用。热力过程与厄尔尼诺峰值后出现的北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO)负位相有关, 其可引起亚速尔高压减弱, 产生西南风异常, 通过风-蒸发-海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)反馈机制使热带北大西洋蒸发减弱, 海表增暖, 沃克环流下沉支的东移对这一增暖也有贡献。与1997—1998厄尔尼诺事件不同, 2015—2016厄尔尼诺事件没有强迫出负位相NAO, 而是出现弱NAO正位相, 热带北大西洋为弱的东风异常, 使海表发生一定的冷却, 形成2016春季北大西洋SSTA与1998年的明显差异。  相似文献   

Intra-survey reservoir fluctuations – implications for quantitative 4D seismic analysis     

Veronica Omofoma  Colin MacBeth  Hamed Amini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(2):282-297

During the time taken for seismic data to be acquired, reservoir pressure may fluctuate as a consequence of field production and operational procedures and fluid fronts may move significantly. These variations prevent accurate quantitative measurement of the reservoir change using 4D seismic data. Modelling studies on the Norne field simulation model using acquisition data from ocean-bottom seismometer and towed streamer systems indicate that the pre-stack intra-survey reservoir fluctuations are important and cannot be neglected. Similarly, the time-lapse seismic image in the post-stack domain does not represent a difference between two states of the reservoir at a unique base and monitor time, but is a mixed version of reality that depends on the sequence and timing of seismic shooting. The outcome is a lack of accuracy in the measurement of reservoir changes using the resulting processed and stacked 4D seismic data. Even for perfect spatial repeatability between surveys, a spatially variant noise floor is still anticipated to remain. For our particular North Sea acquisition data, we find that towed streamer data are more affected than the ocean-bottom seismometer data. We think that this may be typical for towed streamers due to their restricted aperture compared to ocean-bottom seismometer acquisitions, even for a favourable time sequence of shooting and spatial repeatability. Importantly, the pressure signals on the near and far offset stacks commonly used in quantitative 4D seismic inversion are found to be inconsistent due to the acquisition timestamp. Saturation changes at the boundaries of fluid fronts appear to show a similar inconsistency across sub-stacks. We recommend that 4D data are shot in a consistent manner to optimize aerial time coverage, and that additionally, the timestamp of the acquisition should be used to optimize pre-stack quantitative reservoir analysis.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

A Review of the Calculation Formula for the Four-component Borehole Strainmeter and Application to Earthquake Cases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SU Kaizhi 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):132-146

Based on the principle formula for the four-component strainmeters, we can directly obtain the specific plane strain, shear strain and azimuthal angle of the principal strain, and the maximum and minimum principal strains calculated afterwards are the indirect result. The problems of practicality of the sensitivity coefficients A and B of plane strain and shear strain are then discussed. Based on this idea, we analyzed the observation data of several four-component borehole strainmeters near the epicenter of the Yiliang M_S5.7 earthquake in 2012 and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014 in the Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province. The results show that the analysis based on the perspective of plane strain and shear strain has an obviously better effect than that based on the component readings, and can directly peel off the respective abnormality of the plane strain and shear strain. In addition, the correlation coefficient curves between measured data of two plane strains show significant anomalies which often occur several days before and during the earthquake.  相似文献   

滇东北地区地震弱活动前兆异常特征研究     

李利波  付虹  李琼  何德强 《地震》2019,39(3):115-126

以鲁甸M_S6.5地震震中附近的鲁甸大坪子泉水氡、 水质观测资料为基础, 通过对其地震前后的异常特征进行差异性对比, 分析认为震前地震活动丛集, 水氡、 水质异常持续时间较长, 幅度较大, 表现为破年变异常现象; 震后为小震群弱活动, 水氡、 水质异常幅度相对较小, 持续时间较短, 多次出现同步转折, 表现为介质弱化区的前兆异常特征。 从水样测试结果, GNSS位移观测资料、 GPS时间序列曲线及地震活动性等方面分析了鲁甸水氡、 水质的异常机理, 认为鲁甸的水质离子组分群体异常, 与区域的变形活动有关, 局部应力的不断积累, 加剧了地下深部物质活动及构造活动; 近期的同步转折现象属于介质弱化区应力调整状态下的前兆异常。  相似文献   

河北广平地震台数字电扰动异常分析     

贾华  乔子云  贾立峰  张国苓  寇海川  张双凤  张小涛 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(4):95-101

自2018年1月11日，河北广平地震台数字电扰动仪NS、EW测道每日北京时间18时至次日06时出现规律性高值变化。通过观测系统检测、测区环境调查、现场实验分析、周边台站观测对比、其他台干扰形态分析及震例总结等手段，并对各种可能的影响因素进行分析论证，综合分析认为，该变化为干扰的可能性较大，非地震前异常。  相似文献   

冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布与磁化率结构分析     

张海洋  李博  苏树朋  王朝景  刘德强  云萌  赵慧琴  王慧 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(6):47-52

利用重磁反演软件,对2017年8月冀鲁豫交界区流动地磁总强度数据进行处理并解析延拓,研究该区岩石圈磁场及其深部、浅表磁场异常分布特征与地下介质磁化率结构的性质。结果表明:冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布是岩石圈浅表与深部磁异常综合叠加的结果,岩石圈地下介质的浅表与深部磁化率结构具有一定差异性,且受断裂控制呈分段性特征,可能与该区域复杂的岩石圈磁化率结构及地质构造有关。  相似文献   

不同密度团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)群落结构的影响     

王倩红  刘正文  甄伟  张秀梅  郝征  莫家勇  赵雪枫 《湖泊科学》2019,31(3):862-868

冠层型水草轮叶黑藻在富营养情况下，生长迅速，覆盖水面，对于草甸型水草密刺苦草具有明显的竞争优势.为控制轮叶黑藻的竞争优势，于湖北省鄂州市团头鲂原种场的一个池塘进行了原位围隔（10 m×10 m）实验，研究不同密度（0、0.5和1尾/m²）团头鲂牧食作用对轮叶黑藻和密刺苦草群落结构的影响，并通过无人机数字图像处理获取水草覆盖度信息.实验过程中，沉水植物总覆盖度未发生变化.研究发现，团头鲂选择性牧食使得密刺苦草生物量和覆盖度显著增加.随着牧食强度的加大，团头鲂对轮叶黑藻的控制效果显著，放养密度为1尾/m²的围隔中轮叶黑藻比例降幅最明显.群落中轮叶黑藻与密刺苦草的生物量之比迅速下降，由6.14减少至0.002，覆盖度之比由4.88左右减少至约1.44.图像处理结果与实际采样情况相吻合，且通过误差矩阵得到图像分类平均精度达到90%以上，表明无人机数字图像处理在一定条件下可以作为获取沉水植物覆盖度的一种有效辅助手段.实验结束后，1尾/m²组的围隔中密刺苦草成为优势种，其植株密度、株高、株重和单株叶片数均显著增加，草甸更加密实.实验结果表明，放养1尾/m²密度的团头鲂可以有效控制轮叶黑藻并维持密刺苦草种群优势，结果为团头鲂对湖泊沉水植物群落的控制提供了参考.  相似文献   

DEEP STRUCTURE OF NORTHERN HENAN PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREAS DERIVED FROM GRAVITY AND SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA IN RELATION TO DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES     

JIANG Lei  XU Zhi-ping  FANG Sheng-ming  YANG Li-pu  LI Yi-qing  XU Shun-qiang 《地震地质》2018,40(2):323-336

We conduct the wave field separation of the gravity field for northern Henan Province and adjacent areas by the wavelet multi-scale decomposition method, and obtain multi-order gravity wavelet details and regional gravity field information. Then the Parker density surface inversion is used to invert the Moho interface. Based on the analysis of wavelet details in different orders and results of three seismic sounding profiles available in this area, we attempt to reveal the deep crustal structure of the study area. Research results show that the crustal structure is dominated by uneven density distribution accompanied by uplifts and depressions in the region with obvious heterogeneities of the density in horizontal and vertical directions. The gravity field characteristics in the middle-upper crust correspond to the surface topography, the lower crust is dominated by the large-scale high-low gravity anomalies, and several major depression basins show the characteristics of low velocity and low density. At the same time, the depth of the Moho interface changes greatly, which forms the block structure pattern of the regional crustal thickness. Among these features, the area with relatively large variations of the Moho is located in the transition zone of the basin to the Taihang Mountains, or exactly the Moho mutation belt. The Moho interface of the basin area as a whole is dominated by the uplift intertwined with local variations, of which the least and largest depths are 31km and 37km, respectively. Due to the gravity isostasy, the crustal thickness is larger(about 41km)in the northwest of the Taihang Mountains, with less average crustal density. In the study area, earthquakes tend to occur around the transition zone with density changes where the Moho is locally convex. The seismogenic mechanism may be associated with upwelling of upper mantle materials, low-velocity and low-density structures in the middle-lower crust and connection of deep large faults. Moreover, the deep large faults play a controlling role in the distribution of regional earthquakes.  相似文献